E-commerce Online shopping E-commerce platforms Digital consumption Trendyol Amazon Market share leadership E-commerce usage Spending habits Consumer behavior Income–spending relationship Socio-economic status User profiles Digital marketplaces

Ekrem İmamoğlu CHP (Republican People's Party) IMM (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality) Corruption Silivri March 19 Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Presidential candidate Trial Akın Gürlek Investigation Kanal Istanbul Sazlıdere Project Environment Climate Istanbul Canal Istanbul

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

Politics Vote preference Election Erdogan RTE President President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Erdogan report card Early election Constitutional amendment Who should govern Turkey? Devlet Bahceli Ekrem İmamoglu Fatih Erbakan Mansur Yavas Müsavat Dervisoglu Ozgur Ozel Selahattin Demirtas Umit Ozdag Barometer160

If an election were held today Voting preference Party preferences Undecided voters Who should govern Turkey Presidential preferences Erdoğan – İmamoğlu scenario Possible presidential election Leader comparison Election scenarios Party bases Voter profiles Party loyalty Party one would never stop voting for Left–right political positioning Political identity Ideological orientation Presidential performance evaluation Recep Tayyip Erdoğan report card Leadership perception

Foreign policy Turkey’s foreign policy strategy Multilateral foreign policy Government foreign policy performance Foreign policy dissatisfaction Cooperation with the West International relations Turkey’s position in the international system Perception of regional power AK Party government Ministry of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan European Union membership NATO membership Relations with the United States Relations with Russia Israel–Iran tension Global power balances Public opinion perception Political assessment

USA Diplomacy Visit Donald Trump Trump Erdoğan

inflation TEBA inflation expectation Turkey Inflation Expectation Survey

Household Inflation Households Expectation Perception Inflation expectations Inflation perception Livelihood Making ends meet Subsistence Recep Tayyip Erdogan Konda Inflation Perception Political preference Lifestyle KONDA Inflation Expectations KONDA Inflation Inflation Expectations Survey KONDA Inflation Expectations Survey Barometer160

Political preferences Voter behavior Voting tendencies Undecided voters Presidential preferences Erdoğan–İmamoğlu comparison Leader perception Political polarization Party loyalty CHP voter profile AK Parti voter profile MHP voter behavior Dem Parti voters Fragmentation of the İyi Party Opposition consolidation Election scenarios Presidential election Leader performance evaluation Political performance rating Erdoğan’s performance Incumbent fatigue Political dissatisfaction Religiosity and politics Income level and voting preference Class-based voting behavior Secular voters Religious conservative voters Kurdish voter behavior Young voters Student voters Gender differences among voters Undecided and disaffected voters Disengagement from politics Non-voting tendency

Inflation Perception of inflation

Inflation Perception Price Increase / Price Hike Economic Perception Turkish Economy Societal Perception Demographic Differences Lifestyle Inflation Expenditures / Expenses Public's Economic Status Consumer Perception

Household Inflation Expectation Perception InflationExpectation InflationPerception AbilityToMakeEndsMeet MakingEndsMeet Livelihood Subsistence LivingConditions KONDAInflationPerception PoliticalPreference Lifestyle KONDAInflationExpectation KONDAInflation InflationExpectationSurvey HouseholdPopulation Barometer161 Debt MetropolitanArea Youth CostOfLivingCrisis EconomicExpectations PastInflationPerception InflationExpectationNext12Months YearEndInflationExpectation AverageInflationForecast MedianValue InterquartileRange StandardDeviation UrbanRuralDivide DemographicBreakdowns PoliticalPreferences AbilityToMakeEndsMeetStatus EconomicUncertainty Change YearEnd Past Past12Months WhiteCollar WhiteCollarWorkers Workers Tradespeople Farmers Homemakers Unemployed Students RTE RecepTayyipErdogan EkremImamoglu

Woman Women employment Working women White Collar women Women workers Working population Housewife Unemployed women Looking for a job Women unable to work Executive women TUIK Turkish Statistical Institute Working men Non-working male Non-working women Caregiver Patient Child Blue collar women Blue collar men Woman with child Men with child Women are fragile Women doing housework Men doing housework Retired women Student women Female student Barometer 160 Gender

New Year's Eve Celebrating New Year's Eve Celebrating Christmas New Year Celebrate the New Year Celebrate Christmas Barometer160

Income distribution Economy Equality Inequality Lorenz Inflation Income per capita

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Livelihood House Household (family) Youth Change Year-end End of year Past Past 12 months RTE Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu President Lifestyle Style Modern Traditional National lottery Lottery New Year’s New Year’s ticket Inflation expectation Inflation perception Konda Inflation Perception Political preference Konda Inflation Inflation expectation survey Economic expectations Past inflation perception Inflation expectation for the next 12 months Year-end inflation expectation Average inflation estimate Median Interquartile range Standard deviation Demographic breakdowns Political preferences Economic uncertainty Retired (New Year) Minimum Minimum wage Economic conditions Boycott Those who boycott Those who have boycotted Those who do not boycott Those who have not boycotted

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Perceived Inflation Expectation Inflation Perception Cost of Living KONDA Inflation Perception Political Preference KONDA Inflation Expectations KONDA Inflation Inflation Expectations Survey Household Households Youth Economic Expectations Past Inflation Perception 12-Month Ahead Inflation Expectation End-of-Year Inflation Expectation Average Inflation Estimate Median Value Interquartile Range Standard Deviation Demographic Breakdowns Political Preferences Economic Uncertainty Change Year-End End of Year Past Past 12 Months Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu President Lifestyle Lifestyle – Modern Conservative Traditional Religious Traditional Conservative Religious Conservative Elderly Jewelry Concert Ticket Pet Food (Cats and Dogs) Food Furniture Bus Ticket Consumer Electronics Clothing Airline Ticket Mother–Baby–Child Products Home Textiles Small Household Appliances Cosmetics and Personal Care Match Ticket Sports / Outdoor Products Cosmetics Personal Care Cat Dog Pet Food Pet Ticket Sports Outdoor Mother Baby National Lottery Lottery New Year New Year’s Eve Ticket Satisfaction Satisfaction Index Personal Satisfaction Satisfaction with Turkey Bounded Rationality Anchoring Effect Anchoring Living Conditions Living Standards

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation Expectation Inflation Perception Livelihood KONDA Inflation Perception Political Preference KONDA Inflation Expectation KONDA Inflation Inflation Expectation Survey Youth Economic Expectations Past Inflation Perception 12-Month Ahead Inflation Expectation Year-End Inflation Expectation Average Inflation Estimate Median Value Interquartile Range Standard Deviation Demographic Breakdowns Political Preferences Economic Uncertainty Change Year-End End of the Year Past Past 12 Months RTE Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu AKP Voters President Country Lifestyle Life Style Modern Conservative Traditional Religious Traditional Conservative Religious Conservative Stress Stress Level Health Health Status Poor Health Good Health Stressed Not Stressed Healthy Unhealthy Disabled Non-disabled Elderly Infant Household Care Care Burden Borrowing Inability to Borrow Credit Consumer Credit Credit Card Promissory Note Cash Cash Borrowing Small Household Appliances Hobby Cosmetics Clothing Footwear Home Goods Children Books Electronics Accessories Mobile Phone Other Kitchenware Gift Items Home Textiles Baby Products Stationery Products Jewelry Accessory Items Decorative Products Toys Bags

#Household #Inflation #Expectation #Perception #InflationExpectation #InflationPerception #Livelihood #Youth #EconomicExpectations #PastInflationPerception #InflationExpectationNext12Months #YearEndInflationExpectation #AverageInflationEstimate #MedianValue #InterquartileRange #StandardDeviation #DemographicBreakdowns #EconomicUncertainty #Change #YearEnd #Past #Past12Months #Lifestyle #Life #Style #Modern #Conservative #Traditional #Religious #TraditionalConservative #ReligiousConservative #November #DiscountSeason #Postponed #NotPostponed #CleaningProducts #Food #MotherProducts #BabyProducts #Cosmetics #PersonalCare #Stationery #HobbyProducts #HobbyMaterials #MobilePhone #MobilePhoneAccessories #SmallHomeAppliances #Book #HomeTextiles #Sports #OutdoorProducts #SportsProducts #Accessories #Clothing #Cat #Dog #PetFood #CatFood #DogFood #PetProducts #Shoes #OnlineShopping #PrivateSchool #PublicSchool #Lunchbox #PocketMoney #Canteen #Lunch #RTE #Recep #Tayyip #Erdoğan #RecepTayyipErdoğan #Ekrem #İmamoğlu #Ekremİmamoğlu #AkParti #AKP #BlackFriday

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation expectation Inflation perception Cost of living KONDA inflation perception Political preference KONDA inflation expectations KONDA inflation Inflation expectations survey Household (short) Household (full) Young people Economic expectations Past inflation perception 12-month-ahead inflation expectation End-of-year inflation expectation Average inflation forecast Median value Interquartile range Standard deviation Demographic breakdowns Political preferences Economic uncertainty Change Year-end End of year Past Past 12 months RTE Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu AK Party Voters President Country Employment Employment status Worker Retiree Housewife Unemployed Tradespeople / Small business owners Current agenda Agenda tracking Twitter News websites Newspapers YouTube Live broadcasts YouTube live streams TikTok I do not follow the agenda Alcohol Beer Wine Rakı Cigarettes Tobacco Tobacco products Theatre Cinema Concert Clothing Shoes Eating out Apparel Electricity Water Natural gas Utility bills Rent Public transportation Healthcare Medicine Vitamins Internet package Digital platforms School School expenses Hairdresser Barber Pets Animals Courses Hobby courses Gym Spending Household expenditures Ak Parti

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation expectations Inflation perception Cost of living KONDA inflation perception Political preference KONDA inflation expectations KONDA inflation Inflation expectations survey Household (short) Household (full) Young people Economic expectations Past inflation perception 12-month-ahead inflation expectation End-of-year inflation expectation Average inflation forecast Median value Interquartile range Standard deviation Demographic breakdowns Political preferences Economic uncertainty Change Year-end End of year Past Past 12 months RTE Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu AK Party AKP MHP Undecided Voters Do not vote Polarization President Country Future Country’s future Employment Employment status Worker Retiree Housewife Unemployed Tradespeople / Small business owners Household debt Savings Debt Investment Investment instrument Gold Cash US dollar Foreign currency Investment fund Stock market Stocks / shares Crypto Bitcoin Altcoins Real estate

social groups distance social distance voter segments ethnic background sect lifestyles identity religion

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation expectations Inflation perception Cost of living KONDA inflation perception Political preference KONDA inflation expectations KONDA inflation Inflation expectations survey Household (short) Household (full) Young people Economic expectations Past inflation perception 12-month-ahead inflation expectation End-of-year inflation expectation Average inflation forecast Median value Interquartile range Standard deviation Demographic breakdowns Political preferences Economic uncertainty Change Year-end End of year Past Past 12 months RTE Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu Ak Parti MHP Undecided Voters Non-voters Polarization President Ages 15 Ages 24 Ages 15–24 Country Future Country’s future Özgür Özel Özgür Özel Mansur Yavaş Mansur Yavaş Household budget Vacation Vacation plans Sacrifice Animal sacrifice

Household Household economy Household finances Livelihood Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation expectation Inflation perception Past inflation perception 12-month ahead inflation expectation Year-end inflation expectation Average inflation estimate Median value Interquartile range Standard deviation Economic expectations Economic uncertainty The past Past 12 months Year-end End of year Change KONDA inflation KONDA inflation perception KONDA inflation expectation Inflation expectation survey Political preference Political preferences Voter Undecided Will not vote Polarization President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan RTE Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu AKP Justice and Development Party MHP Demographic breakdowns Youth Age 15 Age 24 Ages 15–24 Family Family Year Year Child Marriage Health Country Country's future Future Canal Istanbul Canal Istanbul KanalIstanbul

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation expectations Inflation perception Cost of living KONDA inflation perception Political preference KONDA inflation expectations KONDA inflation Inflation expectations survey Young people Economic expectations Past inflation perception 12-month-ahead inflation expectation End-of-year inflation expectation Average inflation forecast Median value Interquartile range Standard deviation Demographic breakdowns Political preferences Economic uncertainty Change Year-end End of year Past Past 12 months RTE Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Ekrem İmamoğlu Ekrem İmamoğlu AK Party AKP CHP MHP Good Party (İYİ Party) DEM Party HDP YSP Undecided Voters Non-voters Polarization President Age 15 Age 24 Ages 15–24 Student Employed NEET Boycott April 2 April

Household Inflation Expectation Perception Inflation expectation Inflation perception Ability to make ends meet Livelihood Subsistence Living conditions KONDA inflation perception Political preference Lifestyle KONDA inflation expectation KONDA inflation Inflation expectations survey Barometer 161 Debt Metropolitan area Youth Cost of living crisis Economic expectations Past inflation perception Inflation expectation for the next 12 months Year-end inflation expectation Average inflation forecast Median value Interquartile range Standard deviation Urban–rural gap Demographic breakdowns Political preferences Ability to make ends meet (status) Changing cities Side job Selling savings Depression index Psychological well-being Economic uncertainty Savings Restlessness Fatigue Change Rural Urban Depression Distress Loneliness Sadness Unhappiness Past Past 12 months Next 12 months

Southeast Kurdish Kurdish question Kurdish issue DEM Party DEM Party delegation Pervin Buldan Sırrı Süreyya Onder Ahmet Turk Selahattin Demirtas Abdullah Ocalan İmrali Imrali detainee PKK PKK leader PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan Southeast/Kurdish Southeast/Kurdish issue Solution process Paradigm Initiative New initiative Mountain Gabar Kurdish initiative Devlet Bahceli Bahceli Bahceli calls for İmralı Abdullah Ocalan parliament Detainee Terror Terrorist organization Terrorist organization leader Hakkari SDG Mazlum Abdi Musavat Dervisoglu Barometer 160 Terrorist Minimum Wage 2025 Minimum Wage Minimum Wage Regulation 22104 TL

Barometer 131 May 2022 May 2022 Barometer Evaluation of Erdoğan’s performance Opposition alliance and expectations for a joint candidate Presidential election scenarios Willingness to vote for the opposition candidate Assessment of economic management Economic impact of government policies Economy after the introduction of the presidential system Current voting preferences Voting behavior in the June 24 election The AK Parti’s 20-year economic record

government policies economy economic policies budget household budget national economy welfare income level level of welfare deep freezer coffee machine robot vacuum tea maker clothes dryer livelihood plans for making ends meet

Minimum wage Mid-year increase Public savings package Interim minimum wage increase July wage hike expectation Wage policies Perception of cost of living Attitudes of housewives Political party electorates AK Party voter opinions İYİ Party voter opinions Current politics Public sector savings package Public spending Austerity policies Perceived policy adequacy Awareness of public policies Economic expectations Social consensus

Pandemic Period Behaviors Coronavirus COVID-19 Omicron Variant Frequency of Going Out Societal Behavior Public Health Normalization Tendency Age Groups Employment Status Vaccine / Vaccination Pandemic Effects

Climate Change Climate Crisis Public Perception Concern Responsibility Government Citizens Municipalities KONDA Barometer Environment

Barometer 137 December 2022 Barometer Operation Claw-Lock and Operation Euphrates Shield Turkey’s Cross-Border Military Interventions Northern Iraq Policy Syria Policy Security and Foreign Policy Public Reaction to Military Operations Social Media Access Restrictions Internet Freedom State Intervention and Freedom of Expression Security-Policy Balance Digital Rights and Censorship

Barometer 131 May 2022 Barometer Household income Per capita income Economic classes Perception of class position Level of indebtedness Debt-to-income ratio Consumer borrowing tendency Perception of inflation Spending deferral behavior Consumption constraints by income level Effects of economic policies Perception of welfare level

Barometer 131 May 2022 Barometer Everyday encounters with migrants Encounters by place or setting Solutions to the refugee issue Trust in political parties Gezi Park protests Perception of social protest Relationship between migration and politics Public opinion and social polarization Perception of migrants Syrian refugees

Barometer 131 May 2022 Barometer COVID-19 measures Life satisfaction Daily life habits Weekend activities Holiday plans Health and hygiene behaviors Individual well-being Post-pandemic lifestyle Social routines Future expectations

Barometer 131 2022 May Barometer Ramadan practice Fasting habit Giving alms (fitra) Participation in religious rituals Faith and worship habits Social religious practices Ramadan month behaviors Religion Fasting Alms (fitra)

Barometer 131 2022 May Barometer Living conditions Expectations of economic crisis Individual economic concerns Perception of crisis by political preference Current perception of crisis Economic vulnerability Societal economic assessment

New Year celebrations National Lottery Social rituals Symbolic practices Cultural differentiation Confidence in the lottery Perception of fairness Winning probability Loss of trust Selective participation Social trends New Year Ticket National Lottery ticket Celebrate New Year at home Celebrate New Year outside New Year draw New Year practices

Happiness Events that make you happy Goals Expectations Goals and Expectations Anger Events that make you angry Personal Agendas Personal expectations

Voter preferences Erdoğan’s performance Erdoğan’s approval rating Party opposition Turkey’s most important problems Trust in parties to solve problems Social expectations Dream of country resemblance Political tendencies Social tendencies

exchange rate consumer confidence index economic crisis expectation of economic crisis MHP ruling bloc vote shift Ak Parti

Barometer 136 November 2022 Barometer Election Preferences and Presidential Candidate Choices Erdoğan or Kılıçdaroğlu Question Probability of Erdoğan Winning the Election Possible Impacts of Erdoğan’s Victory Economic Impact of Government Policies Household Budget and Economic Perception Evaluation of Erdoğan’s Performance Election Scenarios Potential Candidates Against Erdoğan Estimated Vote Share for Erdoğan

Livelihood Situation Expectation of Economic Crisis Perception of Crisis by Political Preference Perception of the Current Economic Crisis Macro and Micro Economic Expectations Personal Economic Expectations Gap in Societal Economic Perceptions Economic Classes and Social Strata Economic Vulnerability Income Level and Economic Concern Barometer 136 November '22 Barometer November 2022 Barometer

Politics Voting preference Election Erdoğan RTE President President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Erdoğan performance rating Who should govern Turkey? Devlet Bahçeli Ekrem İmamoğlu Mansur Yavaş Müsavat Dervişoğlu Özgür Özel Selahattin Demirtaş Ümit Özdağ Barometer 161 Erdoğan's scorecard Hakan Fidan's scorecard Mehmet Şimşek's scorecard

Morale Index Livelihood Economic crisis Crisis expectation Inflation

National Lottery Lottery ticket New Year New Year’s Eve lottery draw Lottery

Climate Climate change Climate issue Worry Flood Drought Thunder Extreme heat Climate Law Parliament Law proposal on climate change Global warming Clean energy

Syrian Syrian refugees Anti-immigrant sentiment Anti-refugee sentiment Threat Threat perceptions Protest Refugee Asylum-seeker Temporary asylum Fear toward Syrians Anger toward Syrians

Özgür Özel Selahattin Demirtaş Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Devlet Bahçeli Müsavat Dervişoğlu DEM Parti Political parties Political leaders Leaders Presidential speeches Speech analysis Populism Manichaeist Elitism Anti-elitism Discourse Presidential discourse Discourse analysis Dictionary method

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Erdoğan AKP Devlet Bahçeli MHP Meral Akşener İYİP DEM HDP Özgür Özel CHP Speech analysis Discourse analysis Political leaders Speech analysis of leaders Discourse analysis of leaders Speeches by leaders President President Erdoğan AK Party Good Party DEM Party Populism Terror Migration Employment Economy Turkey Turkish Nationalist Trustee Trusteeship Hakkari

Climate Crisis Environmental Concern / Environmental Anxiety Paris Climate Agreement Societal Perception / Public Perception Government Responsibility Environmental Policies Global Warming Net Zero Emissions / Zero Emissions Parliament Decision / Parliamentary Approval Net Zero Carbon Emission Anxiety / Concern Forest Fires Flood Storm Extreme Temperature Heatwaves / Extreme Heat Weather Events Irregular Weather Events Drought

Satisfaction Index Societal Satisfaction Individual Satisfaction Country Satisfaction Economic Situation Future Expectations Quality of Life Pessimism / Despondency Societal Perception Survey Results / Poll Results Life in Turkey Turkey's Opportunities / Turkey's Facilities Turkey's Problems Health Status / Health Condition Living in Turkey Turkey's Conditions / Turkey's Circumstances

Political Preferences Vote Shares / Polling Percentages Voter Trends / Electoral Tendencies AK Parti CHP MHP İYİ Parti HDP Undecided Voters People's Alliance (Cumhur İttifakı) Erdoğan Performance Record / Erdoğan's Report Card Public Opinion Survey / Polling Political Climate / Political Outlook Voter Shifts Between Alliances Opposition Bloc Exchange Rate Exchange Rate Rise / Currency Depreciation Government Policy

Morale Index Economic Crisis Expectation Financial Hardship / Livelihood Difficulty Societal Morale Economic Perception Consumer Confidence Inflation Political Preferences Undecided Voter Household Income Public's Economic Status Turkish Economy

2021 Memorable Events Events of the Year Economic Crisis Exchange Rate Price Hikes / Price Increases Pandemic Natural Disasters National Lottery Societal Perception Public Agenda Year-End Survey

Ramadan Fasting

Urban transformation Urban regeneration Renewal of the house TOKİ KİPTAŞ Government Housing Projects in Turkey Reserve area arrangement Earthquake Earthquake preparedness Building control Robust building Earthquake resistance earthquake proof Building age Structure Home ownership Landlord Tenant Owner

Livelihood Income Income inequality Economic injustice Lorenz curve Per capita income Income distribution Economy Welfare Inequality Material inadequacy Middle class Upper class Lower class

March 31st elections March 31st local elections Local Election

Political systems Perception of political regime Forms of government Military rule Theocracy Autocratic leader Strong leader governance One-man rule Technocratic governance Technocracy Democracy Democratic system Multi-party system Participatory democracy Religion-based governance Non-electoral system Political attitudes Public’s system preference Political awareness Regime preferences

Eid al-Adha Religious holidays Holiday habits Religious practices Sacrifice ritual Social behaviors Holiday traditions Attitude toward sacrifice

Barometer 130 April 2022 Barometer Ramadan fasting habits Religious practices Faith-based behaviors Duration of fasting Social worship tendencies Religious participation Ramadan practice Individual worship preferences Fasting statistics

Coronavirus COVID-19 Frequency of Going Out Vaccination Rates Infection Rates Social Behavior Public Health Normalization Trends Demographic Groups Age Groups Employment Status Pandemic Impacts Behaviors During the Pandemic Coronavirus Vaccine Number of Cases Coronavirus Vaccine Status

Alcohol consumption Drinking alcohol Frequency of alcohol consumption Drinking habits KONDA Life Styles KONDA Life Styles 2018 KONDA Life Styles 2025 Comparative analysis Longitudinal change Change over time Social trends Lifestyle differentiation Religiosity Age groups Gender Employment status Demographic breakdowns Intergroup differences Stress Health perception Healthy lifestyle practices Lifestyle behaviors Correlation Relationship analysis Survey question Behavioral indicators